冲积扇沉积向滨岸沉积的转变--以华北克拉通南缘中元古界兵马沟组为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

岳亮  刘自亮 《沉积学报》2017,35(4):752-762

中国华北克拉通南缘的前寒武纪沉积地层发育齐全、出露较好,具有较高的研究价值。但前寒武纪的沉积地层年代久远,缺少佐证的生物依据,对沉积环境的判断更多依赖于构造背景、地理环境、岩石类型和沉积构造等,导致前人研究有较多的争议。以华北克拉通南缘汝阳群兵马沟组为例,通过精细分析岩石特征、古水流和沉积相,结合相关地层的区域对比及古地貌的重建,解释了兵马沟组的沉积成因和环境转换。汝阳群沉积地层不整合覆盖在华北克拉通南缘太古宙变质结晶基底或古元古代熊耳群火山-沉积岩系之上,兵马沟组作为汝阳群底部的地层单元,受地形和断裂的明显控制,接受丰富的物源供给,发育了一套极具特色的“双层叠加”沉积地层,代表了从冲积扇沉积到砂砾质滨岸沉积的环境转变,作为华北克拉通南缘以海相为主控的沉积开端,具有重要的科学价值。  相似文献   

赞皇地区～2.5Ga A型花岗岩的成因及构造背景:以黄岔岩体为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李伦  杨永强  杨崇辉  杜利林  宋会侠  任留东  谢进  刘大鹏 《岩石学报》2017,33(9):2850-2866

位于华北克拉通中部的赞皇杂岩中保留有丰富的新太古代-古元古代岩石记录,是探究华北克拉通早期演化的重要地区之一。其中新太古代晚期TTG片麻岩和花岗岩的成因研究是探讨赞皇杂岩构造演化过程的关键。本文选择出露于河北省邢台市西部山区的黄岔花岗岩体进行研究。该岩体呈不规则的岩株产出,与周围地层主要呈构造接触关系,局部侵入于官都群石英岩中。岩体主要由片麻状、似斑状二长花岗岩组成,边缘相偶见细粒片麻岩包体,斑晶为长石和少量石英。LA-ICP-MS岩浆锆石的~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb加权平均年龄为2488±6Ma,代表岩体的形成时代。由于黄岔岩体侵入于官都群,根据该花岗岩的时代可以限定官都群地层时代为太古代,而非古元古代。但官都群与赞皇群的关系还需要进一步研究。黄岔岩体具有高硅(Si O2=72.64%~74.16%)、富钾(K_2O=3.53%~6.15%)、富碱(ALK=7.59%~9.07%)及铁(Fe_2O_3T=1.84%~3.03%),贫钙(CaO=0.67%~1.67%)、低钛(TiO_2=0.18%~0.28%)、低镁(MgO=0.31%~0.46%)的特征。岩石的稀土总量较高(ΣREE=364.2×10~(-6)~661.1×10~(-6)),轻重稀土元素分异较强烈((La/Yb)_N=18.7~29.8),并具有明显的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.23~0.33)。微量元素中,富Zr、Zn、Nb、Ga、Y,而贫Sr、V、Cr、Co、Ni等元素,Rb/Sr比值较高,介于0.73~2.72之间,平均1.96。岩石Ga/Al值(2.75×10-4~3.11×10-4)高,全岩Zr饱和温度为826~877℃,具有A型花岗岩特征。黄岔岩体锆石εHf(t)为0.96~6.2,单阶段和两阶段Hf模式年龄分别为2552~2746Ma和2576~2826Ma。黄岔岩体具有造山后A型花岗岩的特征,为2.7~2.5Ga的新太古代TTG片麻岩在造山后地壳拉张减薄初期的构造背景下部分熔融所形成。~2.5Ga的碱性花岗岩在华北不同地区分布,并形成于伸展的构造背景。该期碱性花岗岩的出现,标志华北克拉通在太古宙末期已经初步形成稳定的克拉通。  相似文献   

华北克拉通南部早前寒武纪基底形成与演化   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

张瑞英  孙勇 《岩石学报》2017,33(10):3027-3041

简要总结了华北克拉通南部鲁山地区、小秦岭地区、登封及中条山地区的早前寒武纪地质事件序列及其地质意义,并对各地区地质特征和变质演化特点进行对比。结合前人研究工作,初步探讨了华北克拉通南部早前寒武纪基底的演化特点、陆壳形成的主要时期和华北南部基底的构造区划等问题,提出几点认识:1)华北克拉通南部鲁山、中条山、小秦岭等地区均有2.7~2.9Ga岩石记录,以英云闪长质-奥长花岗质-花岗闪长质(TTG)岩石为主,它们共同构成华北南缘的古老结晶基底,并经历了新太古代晚期~2.5Ga构造-热事件,标志着华北克拉通南部在新太古代末期可能已经形成统一基底;2)华北克拉通南部主要的陆壳形成时期为中太古代晚期-新太古代,与全球其他主要克拉通一致,而古元古代早-中期则以地壳再循环为主;3)综合地质、地球化学等特点,将华北南部鲁山-小秦岭地区和中条山等地区划归为"南部古陆块",并提出该陆块呈现为一个大型的倾伏向斜构造,可能在新太古代晚期已经形成,其枢纽向南东倾斜。"南部古陆块"在新太古代末期与其它微陆块拼合,并发生了变质作用和陆壳的活化与再循环,共同指示新太古代晚期华北克拉通统一基底的形成。  相似文献   

胶-辽-吉造山带北辽河变基性岩的成因、地球化学属性及其构造意义   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

许王  刘福来  刘超辉 《岩石学报》2017,33(9):2743-2757

大规模出露于胶-辽-吉造山带的北辽河变基性岩(NLHmetabasicrocks)是恢复造山带构造演化的关键之一,然而,研究者们对这些变基性岩的成因和构造环境有很大争议,制约了对胶-辽-吉造山带早期构造演化的深入研究。基于详细的野外地质调查,本文对北辽河变基性岩进行了系统的岩石学研究并提供了新的全岩地球化学数据,结合前人的测试结果,我们对这些变基性岩的成因和构造环境进行了相关探讨。变基性岩侵入于北辽河群的大理岩和碎屑岩中,经历了一定程度的蚀变以及绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质。岩石类型包括变质辉长岩、变质辉绿岩、斜长角闪岩以及石榴斜长角闪岩;前两者具有明显的变余辉长或者辉绿结构,可见自形斜长石,少见原生矿物单斜辉石的残留;后两者主要由斜长石和角闪石组成,部分含有石榴子石变斑晶;此外,岩石中出现大量Fe-Ti氧化物(磁铁矿和钛铁矿)。地球化学研究表明,北辽河变基性岩均属于拉斑玄武岩系列(SiO_2=44.55%~54.11%,Nb/Y=0.16~0.31),以低TiO_2(0.69%~1.99%)和低MgO(多数5.47%~7.97%)为特征,轻稀土轻微富集((La/Sm)_N=1.22~2.66;(La/Yb)_N=1.66~4.56),并具有明显的Nb、Ta、P以及轻微的Zr、Ti亏损,岩石经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石等矿物的三相结晶分异以及Fe-Ti氧化物(磁铁矿和钛铁矿)的堆晶;它们的微量元素配分型式类似于E-MORB和地壳岩石,并且地球化学组成与MORB相近,而不同于弧玄武岩和板内玄武岩;这些变基性岩的Ce/Pb(3.07~26.58)、(Ta/La)PM(0.47~1.45)以及(Hf/Sm)PM(0.91~1.15)显示出有限的俯冲相关流体的交代作用;此外,大多数不相容元素比值(例如Th/Nb、La/Nb及Th/La等)的变化趋势则表明北辽河变基性岩的岩浆源区不可能是大陆岩石圈地幔,并且在形成过程中经历了明显的地壳物质混染。基于这些野外地质调查和地球化学研究,我们认为北辽河变基性岩应形成于相对成熟的弧后盆地,这样一个形成环境也表明胶-辽-吉造山带在早期存在~2.1Ga的洋壳俯冲过程,该构造带应该是~1.9Ga岛弧与大陆碰撞形成的一条古元古代造山带。  相似文献   

Alakit and Daldyn kimberlite fields,Siberia,Russia:Two types of mantle sub-terranes beneath central Yakutia?   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

I.V. Ashchepkov  A.M. Logvinova  T. Ntaflos  N.V. Vladykin  S.I. Kostrovitsky  Z. Spetsius  S.I. Mityukhin  S.A. Prokopyev  N.S. Medvedev  H. Downes 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(4):671-692

Mineral data from Yakutian kimberlites allow reconstruction of the history of lithospheric mantle.Differences occur in compositions of mantle pyropes and clinopyroxenes from large kimberlite pipes in the Alakit and Daldyn fields.In the Alakit field.Cr-diopsides are alkaline,and Stykanskaya and some other pipes contain more sub-calcic pyropes and dunitic-type diamond inclusions,while in the Daldyn field harzburgitic pyropes are frequent.The eclogitic diamond inclusions in the Alakit field are sharply divided in types and conditions,while in the Daldyn field they show varying compositions and often continuous Pressure-Temperature(P-T) ranges with increasing Fe~# with decreasing pressures.In Alakit,Crpargasites to richterites were found in all pipes,while in Daldyn,pargasites are rare Dalnyaya and Zarnitsa pipes.Cr-diopsides from the Alakit region show higher levels of light Rare Earth Elements(LREE)and stronger REE-slopes,and enrichment in light Rare Earth Elements(LREE),sometimes Th-U,and small troughs in Nb-Ta-Zr.In the Daldyn field,the High Field Strength Elements HFSE troughs are more common in clinopyroxenes with low REE abundances,while those from sheared and refertilized peridotites have smooth patterns.Garnets from Alakit show HREE minima,but those from Daldyn often have a trough at Yand high U and Pb.PTX/O2 diagrams from both regions show similarities,suggesting similar layering and structures.The degree of metasomatism is often higher for pipes which show dispersion in P-Fe~# trends for garnets.In the mantle beneath Udachnaya and Aykhal,pipes show 6-7 linear arrays of P-Fe~# in the lower part of the mantle section at 7.5-3.0 GPa,probably reflecting primary subduction horizons.Beneath the Sytykanskaya pipe,there are several horizons with opposite inclinations which reflect metasomatic processes.The high dispersion of the P—Fe~# trend indicating widespread metasomatism is associated with decreased diamond grades.Possible explanation of the differences in mineralogy and geochemistry of the mantle sections may relate to their tectonic positions during growth of the lithospheric keel.Enrichment in volatiles and alkalis possibly corresponds to interaction with subduction-related fluids and melts in the craton margins.Incorporation of island arc peridotites from an eroded arc is a possible scenario.  相似文献   

冀东下营坊地区晚古生代富碱侵入岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及其地质意义     

邹滔  王玉往  王京彬  张会琼  赵路通  石煜  刘永振 《地质学报》2017,91(11):2423-2442

富碱侵入岩具有重要的地质和矿产意义,倍受学者关注。冀东地区晚古生代钙碱性岩浆岩十分发育,而碱性岩少见,笔者首次在冀东下营坊地区识别出一批与金(铜铅锌银)多金属矿化有关的晚古生代中晚期的富碱侵入岩体。通过锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,获得下营坊地区三处富碱侵入岩的侵位年龄分别为300.0±1.5Ma、299.3±2.1Ma、300.0±2.0Ma,侵位时间显示这些岩浆岩均为晚石炭世末—早二叠世的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示富碱(K2O+Na2O8%),稀土元素含量较高,并强烈富集轻稀土,指示其具有富碱侵入岩的基本特征。下营坊富碱侵入岩富集大离子亲石元素,高La/Yb比,较高的La/Sm比值且变化范围大(5),低Y,Eu异常不明显等特点,表明其源区可能与富集地幔有关,并可能受到俯冲板片脱水所释放流(熔)体的影响,在岩浆的侵位过程中可能受到地壳物质的混染。由成岩时代结合区域构造演化历史推断,该地区富碱侵入岩很可能与古生代期间古亚洲洋板块向华北板块俯冲有关,并形成于由俯冲板块后撤的伸展环境。  相似文献   

Re–Os and U–Pb geochronology of the Shazigou Mo polymetallic ore field,Inner Mongolia: Implications for Permian–Triassic mineralization at the northern margin of the North China Craton     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The recently discovered polymetallic Shazigou Mo–W–Pb–Zn ore field is located at the northern margin of the North China Craton. This integrated metallogenic system is comprised of quartz vein mineralization in three deposits: Shazigou Mo–W, Jindouzishan Pb–Zn and Mantougou Pb–Zn. The total reserves are estimated to be 50 kt Mo, 626 t WO₃, 244 kt Pb and 150 kt Zn. Molybdenite Re–Os dating of five quartz vein-type ores yielded a mean model age of 243.8 ± 1.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.81) and hydrothermal zircons yielded a concordant U–Pb age of 245 ± 2.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.65). These results suggest that the mineralization was formed in the early Triassic and could be related to Paleo-Asian Ocean subduction. Microthermometry and quartz fluid inclusion compositions indicate that fluids related to the Mo–W mineralization were mainly derived from magmatic sources and precipitated under relatively high temperature (280–340 °C) and salinity conditions (6–9 wt% NaCl equiv.), whereas subsequent Pb–Zn mineralization-related fluids may have been modified by metamorphic and meteoric waters. The discovery of the Shazigou ore field suggests conditions may be favourable for more extensive mineralization in the western Xilamulun Mo metallogenic belt at the northern margin of the North China Craton.  相似文献   

Petrography,chemical composition,and Raman spectra of chrome spinel: Constraints on the diamond potential of the No. 30 pipe kimberlite in Wafangdian,North China Craton     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

Conventional diamond exploration seldom searches directly for diamonds in rock and soil samples. Instead, it focuses on the search for indicator minerals like chrome spinel, which can be used to evaluate diamond potential. Chrome spinels are preserved as pristine minerals in the early Paleozoic (∼465 Ma), hydrothermally altered, Group I No. 30 pipe kimberlite that intruded the Neoproterozoic Qingbaikou strata in Wafangdian, North China Craton (NCC). The characteristics of the chrome spinels were investigated by petrographic observation (BSE imaging), quantitative chemical analysis (EPMA), and Raman spectral analysis. The results show that the chrome spinels are mostly sub-rounded with extremely few grains being subhedral, and these spinels are macrocrystic, more than 500 µm in size. The chrome spinels also have compositional zones: the cores are classified as magnesiochromite as they have distinctly chromium-rich (Cr₂O₃ up to 66.56 wt%) and titanium-poor (TiO₂ < 1 wt%) compositions; and the rims are classified as magnetite as they have chromium-poor and iron-rich composition. In the cores of chrome spinels, compositional variations are controlled by Al³⁺-Cr³⁺ isomorphism, which results in a strong Raman spectra peak (A_1g mode) varying from 690 cm⁻¹ to 702.9 cm⁻¹. In the rims of chrome spinel, compositional variations result in the A_1g peak varying from 660 cm⁻¹ to 672 cm⁻¹. The morphology and chemical compositions indicate that the chrome spinels are mantle xenocrysts. The cores of the spinel are remnants of primary mantle xenocrysts that have been resorbed, and the rims were formed during kimberlite magmatism. The compositions of the cores are used to evaluate the diamond potential of this kimberlite through comparison with the compositions of chrome spinels from the Changmazhuang and No. 50 pipe kimberlites in the NCC. In MgO, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ versus Cr₂O₃ plots, the chrome spinels from the Changmazhuang and No. 50 pipe kimberlites are mostly located in the diamond stability field. However, only a small proportion of chrome spinels from No. 30 pipe kimberlite have same behavior, which indicates that the diamond potential of the former two kimberlites is greater than that of the No. 30 pipe kimberlite. This is also supported by compositional zones in the spinel grains: there is with an increase in Fe³⁺ in the rims, which suggests that the chrome spinels experienced highly oxidizing conditions. Oxidizing conditions may have been imparted by fluids/melts that have a great influence on diamond destruction. Here, we suggest that chrome spinel compositions can be a useful tool for identifying the target for diamond potential in the North China Craton.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯地区上地幔岩石圈三维速度结构面波反演研究   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李多  周仕勇  陈永顺  冯永革  李鹏 《地球物理学报》2012,55(5):1613-1623

双平面波拟合法是一种新的面波成像方法,反演中考虑地震波场中的非平面波成分,提高反演的分辨率.本文利用双平面波拟合法,反演获得鄂尔多斯地区上地幔岩石圈的速度结构.所用资料为国家数字地震台网69个宽频带地震仪和北京大学34个流动数字地震台观测到的地震波面波资料.首先从面波记录中提取了研究区域20~125 s瑞利波相速度频散曲线,进而得到各个周期瑞利波相速度异常分布图.结果显示,短周期瑞利波相速度异常与地表的构造特征吻合较好,中长周期的瑞利波相速度可以反映出上地幔岩石圈的速度异常分布以及构造特征.由研究区20~125 s的瑞利波相速度分布图可以反演得到地表到地下200 km范围内的三维剪切波速度结构.结果显示,鄂尔多斯块体内部稳定均一,活化或改造的痕迹不明显;鄂尔多斯块体西南缘受到青藏高原的强烈作用,有大量地幔物质流动的痕迹存在;中央转换带下超过200 km深度存在地幔物质上涌,可能与太平洋板块的俯冲和青藏高原板块的挤压有关.  相似文献   

流变边界层及其对华北克拉通热/地震岩石圈底界差异的意义   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

何丽娟 《地球物理学报》2014,57(1):53-61

二维热传导/对流数值模型显示,纯传导的固体岩石圈与纯对流的流体软流圈之间存在一过渡层,即流变边界层,其间传导与对流共同作用来传递热量.流变边界层厚度主要由软流圈黏性系数（η）控制,而受固体岩石圈厚度及热状态影响很小.随着η从1×10²¹Pa·s降低至1×10¹⁹ Pa·s,流变边界层也随之减薄,流变边界层的厚度与lg（η）成正比. 流变边界层的存在是造成热岩石圈与地震岩石圈厚度差异的重要因素. 全球典型克拉通岩石圈的对比结果表明,地震岩石圈厚度普遍大于热岩石圈厚度,二者的差异多数在70~90 km,很好地验证了流变边界层的存在. 研究发现二者的差异在华北克拉通自西向东逐渐减小：由西部鄂尔多斯的约80 km减少至渤海湾盆地的约20 km. 反映出华北克拉通岩石圈下部流变边界层厚度自西向东减薄,意味着软流圈黏性系数自西向东逐渐降低.这可能与中生代太平洋俯冲脱水形成的低黏大地幔楔有关,从一侧面印证了太平洋俯冲对华北克拉通破坏的影响.  相似文献